Calculators & Tools

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

DSM-5 criteria - preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance.

1 What is the Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

The Body Dysmorphic Disorder is a psychosocial scoring tool used in paediatric practice. DSM-5 criteria - preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance. It scores 4 criteria and interprets the total across 2 bands, so the number always arrives with the severity it implies rather than on its own. In PediAid each criterion is shown as a labelled option with the weight it carries, so the total can be checked rather than taken on trust.

2 When to use it

  • Grading severity at the bedside in psychosocial
  • Recording an objective severity band in the case notes
  • Deciding when a total crosses the threshold for escalation
  • Re-scoring to track whether a child is improving or deteriorating
  • Checking the exact criteria of a score used infrequently

3 Formula & method

The score sums 4 criteria: Preoccupation with ≥1 perceived defect in appearance not observable or slight to others; Repetitive behaviours (mirror checking, grooming, skin picking, reassurance seeking) or mental acts (comparing) in response; Preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment; Preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with body fat/weight in an eating disorder. Totals are then banded: any score - Below threshold: not all criteria met; 4 criteria met or more - Threshold met: all criteria met - consistent with body dysmorphic disorder. Specify muscle dysmorphia and degree of insight; screen for depression and suicidality.
  • DSM-5 threshold: 4 or more of the 4 criteria listed.
  • A diagnosis also requires clinically significant distress or impairment, the required duration, and exclusion of substance use or another condition. Screening aid only - not a diagnosis.

4 Frequently asked questions

How many criteria does the Body Dysmorphic Disorder use?

4. They are Preoccupation with ≥1 perceived defect in appearance not observable or slight to others; Repetitive behaviours (mirror checking, grooming, skin picking, reassurance seeking) or mental acts (comparing) in response; Preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment; Preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with body fat/weight in an eating disorder.

What do the bands of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder mean?

The total is interpreted as: any score - Below threshold: not all criteria met; 4 criteria met or more - Threshold met: all criteria met - consistent with body dysmorphic disorder. Specify muscle dysmorphia and degree of insight; screen for depression and suicidality.

Does the score replace clinical judgement?

No. It is a structured way to record and communicate severity. A clinician concerned about a child should act on that concern regardless of the total.

Where does this score come from?

DSM-5 threshold: 4 or more of the 4 criteria listed.

Does it work offline?

Yes. Score definitions are bundled with the PediAid app, so the score computes without a connection.

For qualified clinicians. This page and the PediAid app are a clinical aid only. Calculations and reference data must be verified against the patient's clinical context, the source guideline and your local protocols before any treatment decision is made.